Zirconia is remarkable material, which include three polymorphs –cubic, tetragonal and monoclinic.
The monoclinic phase is stable at all temperatures below 1170℃, which can be used as additive for MLCC powder to enhance the electrical conductivity.
The tetragonal phase is stable between about 1170 and 2370℃,yttria partially stabilized tetragonal polycrystal (Y-TZP) is being used as a structural engineering material due to its high wear resistance, strength(800~1200 MPa) and fracture toughness(>4Mpa .m0.5). The excellent material properties have been mainly attributed to the tetragonal to monoclinic phase transformation associated with volumedilatation, which produces compressive stresses and hinders crack propagation.
The cubic phase is stable from 2370℃ to the melting point(2680 +/- 15℃),which are used as oxygen sensor for automobile and electrolyte for solid oxide fuel cells(SOFC).
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